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From gravity to the nutrition line on the label

Calories and nutrition
Optional. A tasting glass, a keg, a growler: it appears as the last row of the table.
Need the full ABV calculation, with temperature correction and label tolerance?
Energy per 100 mL
250kJ 60kcal
7.0 percent alcohol by volume
Carbohydrates per 100 mL
5.3g
Alcohol per 100 mL
5.5g
ContainerkcalCarbs g
33 cl19717.5
44 cl26323.4
50 cl29926.5
12 fl oz21218.8
16 fl oz28325.1
UK pint34030.2
Your container––

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Calorie chart
kcal per 100 mL, label factors. Rows are alcohol by volume, columns final gravity. Tap a cell to load it into the calculator.
ABVFG 1.005FG 1.010FG 1.015FG 1.020
3.0 %26313641
3.5 %29343944
4.0 %32384348
4.5 %36414651
5.0 %39445055
5.5 %43485358
6.0 %46515661
6.5 %49556065
7.0 %53586368
7.5 %56616672
8.0 %60657075
8.5 %63687378
9.0 %66717782
9.5 %70758085
10.0 %73788388
10.5 %76828792
11.0 %80859095
11.5 %83889398
12.0 %869297102
Method

Alcohol in grams per 100 mL is alcohol by weight times final gravity. Carbohydrates in grams per 100 mL are real extract minus 0.1 for ash, times final gravity. Real extract comes from Balling, either from the two gravities or rebuilt from ABV and final gravity:

OE = (2.0665 × ABW + 0.8192 × AE) / (0.8192 + 0.010665 × ABW)

Energy for the label uses the factors of Regulation 1169/2011 Annex XIV: 29 kJ and 7 kcal per gram of alcohol, 17 kJ and 4 kcal per gram of carbohydrate. The brewing estimate shown for comparison uses 6.9 kcal per gram of alcohol. Protein and fat are not derived from gravity and are shown as 0 g, which is what most beers analyse at to the nearest gram. Anything added after the original gravity reading, fruit, syrups, spirits, is not in these figures. Lactose is, since it reads on the hydrometer. Containers: 12 fl oz = 354.88 mL, 16 fl oz = 473.18 mL, UK pint = 568.26 mL.

Questions

Do I have to put calories on a beer label?

In the EU and the UK, no, not yet. Beer above 1.2 percent is exempt from the nutrition declaration, and if you add one voluntarily you may limit it to energy per 100 mL. In the US, no, though TTB proposed in January 2025 to make an Alcohol Facts panel mandatory, with five years to comply once final.

Regulation (EU) 1169/2011, Articles 16(4), 30(4) and 32; TTB Notice No. 237, January 2025.

How many calories are in a 5 percent beer?

At 5 percent and a final gravity of 1.010, about 44 kcal per 100 mL (186 kJ), which is 146 kcal in a 33 cl can and 158 in a 12 oz can, with 4.2 g of carbohydrate per 100 mL. A drier finish lowers the carbohydrate share; a sweeter one raises it.

Why kJ and kcal, and why per 100 mL?

Because that is the format the regulation prescribes: energy first in kilojoules then in kilocalories, per 100 mL, so that any two products can be compared. Per-serving values may be added, never substituted.

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